FUSING IN CAD CAPABILITIES INTO GIS. BY HONEST S. O. U.

FUSING IN CAD CAPABILITIES INTO GIS.       BY HONEST S. O. U.              

ArcGIS as a GIS software lacks some cartographic capabilities for drafting of work. We are often left with converting/ exporting our GIS work into a CAD environment and after some modifications in CAD environment, the work is exported back to ArcGIS environment. GIS lacks some conventional cartographic signs and symbols and does not allow free sketching of such signs/ symbols, a times we make do with Adobe Illustrator and other softwares to aid us.        The question therefore is,  how can we fuse in CAD capabilities into GIS environment?  I found out a simple method of doing this. You can convert your shape file to CAD file. Without closing the ArcGIs, open the CAD file and do the necessary modifications on the CAD  work. Use layer plotting for all text files, signs and symbols so that they can come out as layers in ArcGIS. After all the modifications both the layout and adjustments in the digitized features (Point, Line and Polygon) .Save your CAD work and open your ArcGIS file which u minimized and you will find all the modifications on your ArcGIS.                      Cheers.

STEPS FOR CONVERTING YOUR ArcGIS SHAPE FILE TO CAD.                                    1.Goto ArcToolbox.                     
2.Select Conversion Tools.                                     3.Select to CAD. Select ,Export to CAD.           Under Input Features, (select the shape files you want to convert). Under Output Type( select the DWG- the AutoCAD version u want to save it),  Under output file(Select the folder you want to save it).                                           4. Select Ok and wait for the files to convert/export to CAD. When its successful, it pops out successful message on the ArcGIS environment

*Step-by-step work through on earth volume computation using sufer*

*Step-by-step work through on earth volume computation using sufer*
The procedure assumes you already have sufer installed on your PC
👉Launch the sufer application by double clicking its icon on your desktop
👉On the program main menu, click Grid
👉Click data... in the drop down sub-menu
👉Navigate and locate the raw file containing your x,y,z data defining the surface in question
👉Click Open
An interface showing some sample of your data is displayed on the screen
👉Ensure that the appropriate field delimeter is selected and click OK
👉On the Grid Data interface that comes up next, select the appropriate field (i.e column) for each of your x, y, z data as contained in the previous interface
👉Select any desired griding method on the space provided for such on the Grid Data interface. The common and default method is kriging
*Note* : the result you obtain depends pretty much on the grid method you select as each of the methods uses different models in predicting the Grid elevation of the unobserved points
👉Click OK
The griding is then carried out by the application and the report displayed on the screen that can be saved to a file
*Note:* These procedures applies for each of the surfaces in the case of two surfaces volume computation. For a single surface, you just do that once for the available surface file

Next is to compute volume using the grid file created
👉On the program main Menu, click Grid
👉Click Volume in the drop down menu
👉Browse and locate the grid file created
👉Click to open the file
👉The Grid Volume interface pops up where you are expected to define your surfaces
👉The upper surface is natural ground surface (Topo-surface) for which a grid file has been created
👉The Lower surface is the grade or design surface
👉 For each of the surfaces, you can either chose to load a grid file or use a constant value
👉For a single surface volume with only the natural ground grid surface elevations, click and upload the grid file for the upper surface and define a constant, z value for the lower surface   (graded surface)
👉 Leave the Z- factor as 1
👉Click OK
The cut and fill volumes are displayed with the associated areas obtained

*Note*: the results earth volumes may vary from one application to another even with the same data depending on the method for computing areas and of course the griding method

15 things guys want but wont ask for

Relationships

15 things guys want but wont ask for

by Azeemen





Written by Azeemen

1. Ask him how his day went. It means a lot to him if you ask him if there is something bothering him.

2. Give him reassurance that he is the only one for you. He knows that he is not the best guy out there. He also thinks that he is replaceable.

3. Support him in all his endeavors. Cheer him up when he is down!

4. Do not choke him in the neck. Let him breath. Let him do the things that he loves to do.

5. Do not question his intentions. He chose you for a reason.

6. Trust him.

7. Cook food for him.

8. He likes it when you are being clingy to him.

9. Give tight hugs and warm kisses.

10. He likes funny conversations and deep ones.

11. Brag him to your family members and friends.

12. Respect his decision and choices.

13. Talk things in private. Do not bad mouth him most especially if his friends are around.

14. When you tell him to keep going and that he is on the right track.

15. When you stick to him no matter how the journey gets tougher

GOOGLE EARTH LIMITATIONS

GOOGLE EARTH LIMITATIONS.                       Google earth images does not come in high resolution although some technique can be employed to increase the resolution of the images. Such techniques includes and not limited to breaking the area of study into a well planed overlaying strip layers. This helps you download images with a small area that will be of a bit high resolution and this requires that for that given study you may have up to 30 image layers. Remember google earth images lacks spatial reference and this means that there is need to Georeference all these 30 image layers and thereafter you do image mosaic to merge all the 30 overlapping image layers. This is cumbersome to say the least and also introduces alot of errors. What are then the sources of errors here? Before downloading such images from google earth, you have control points you want to use for georeferencing (can be monument or landmarks you know their coordinates or you can choose those points on google earth and extract their coordinates) .These points while georeferencing, you may not be able to get the exact point having that coordinate in the images and this shift have introduced an error, imagine where such accumulates over those 30 image layers and see the error you have just in your georeferencing. This results to tilt in the image after georeferencing. When digitizing also, there may be some shadows on the structures as a result of low resolution data, and you may trace the shadow thinking it's the structure outline. This also a source of error. These and many more are the limitations of google earth images but fear not as am about to introduce you to amazing that can offer you much more and eliminates such limitations as observe in google earth imagery.

MY FATHER’S FARMLAND

PART 2
“MY FATHER’S FARMLAND”
©️Opeyemi Ojerinde Akintunde

Oba ( King) as His name suggests had a way of making people do his bidding. He cajoled his sisters into the fasting and praying program.

Ola(Wealth) and Ope (Praise) joined Oba in the fast and it was a humbling time for them. They wept before the Lord and prayed with all their heart.

They were so broke that they didn’t have money to buy food to break their fast on the third day.

Ola ( Wealth) who was the business minded one, decided to go look for a means of making money. As weak as she was, she walked straight to one of the beautiful houses in their environment. She knocked at the gate and surprisingly to her, it was the Madam of the house that answered...

“ Good Afternoon ma!” Ola had said

“ Yes, Good Afternoon !” Miss Johnson said with a puzzled look for lack of recognition

“ Ma, my name is Kikiolaoluwa and I live down the street, I am not here to beg you for money, but I need money for my siblings and I to eat, so please ma, is it possible for me to wash any dirty clothes you have, to earn a little cash...” Ola had said pleadingly

“ Wow!,... unfortunately I use a washing machine that takes care of my laundry”

“ What about sweeping the compound, I can see your compound needs some sweeping” Ola said with desperation in her voice as she was simultaneously stretching her neck in other to have a good look at the compound..

“ Hold on young lady, is this about you getting money to eat, if it is about that, I can give you some money.”

“ Aww, That is so nice of you ma, but I would love a permanent work, something that will fetch me regular money. My siblings and I just lost our father and my brother asked us to wait on God for three days for God’s  guidance, Today is the 3rd day and we don’t have anything to break our fast... That’s why I took it upon myself to do a menial job to get money...so if you give me money right now, it might not be enough to sustain us for days..” Ola said

“ Are you saying, you and your siblings have not eaten for three days, because you were fasting and now you have nothing to break your fast ?” Miss Johnson asked

“ Yes!”

“ Wow!...where do you live?” Miss Johnson asked

Ola pointed towards her house and Miss Johnson told her to take her to their place. She wanted to know the authenticity of Ola’s claims. As Miss Johnson walked behind Ola, Ola knew Oba( King) was not going to be happy with the development. Oba didn’t like asking people for Favours. Ola had always told him, he was proud, but Oba would say “It is Self respect, I know my worth, I may not be where I ought to be, but I must not sell myself cheap because of where I am today!”

“ ...eat at my place” Miss Johnson was saying but Ola only heard her last words about eating at her place...

“ I am sorry, I didn’t get you ma...I was lost in thoughts”

“ Oh!, I was saying that if I can verify your claim, then you and siblings will follow me to my place to have a decent meal...”

“ Oh!, thank you ma’am, that’s really thoughtful of you ma’am. May God bless the work of your hands and may your children find help wherever they find themselves...”Ola said beaming with smiles

“ Amen..” Miss Johnson said returning Ola’s smile

At that point they were already in front of the Trio’s room. It was a very small dark room with the only source of light finding it’s way into the room from a miniature window. The rooms had no furnitures except for a wooden shelf of books belonging to Oba. They had sold everything sellable, but Oba being an avid reader could not do away with his wooden shelf that housed his books. They also had two mats on the floor; the twin girls slept on one while Oba slept on the other mat. There were sacks neatly placed in a corner. The trio had neatly arranged their clothes in there...

Oba was lying on the floor reading a motivational book about leadership, but Ope had a small mp3 music player in her hands with her earpiece tucked in her ears... Oba sighted the visitor first and on seeing her, he jumped to his feet wondering what his sister had done...

Miss Johnson looked around and could not believe people could still live in houses like this, Eben, Her security man who she had sent on an errand earlier that morning was not even living in a room as terrible as what the trio was living in..

“ Hello...” Miss Johnson said

“ Good Afternoon ma” Oba and Ope said looking at Ola for answers as to why they had a visitor in their room...

“ Emmm... Madam lives down the street... I went to her place to see I can get a menial job in other to fix food for us, but she asked to know my house to be sure of how genuine I am “ Ola said...

“ Ok .. Ma.., she is very genuine.. She is our sister ...”Oba said taking full responsibility as always

“ Oh!, You are a twin!” Miss Johnson said when she noticed Ola and Ope were identical.

“ Yes ma”

“ Wow!, I have always prayed to have twin girls, I totally adore twins... It is well, Your sister has told me about your recent loss and I  am very sorry for your loss, But whatever I am able to do, I will do for you, especially for the fact that you know the Lord. What challenged me about her, was the fact that she said you all took it upon yourself to wait upon the Lord after losing your father..., that is a bold step I must say. For that reason, I won’t hesitate to show God’s Kindness to you..” Miss Johnson said...

“ Ok ma, thank you ma’am!”

“ So what do you say?” Miss Johnson asked

“Was this woman asking if she could help them?” Oba wondered silently...

“ Yes ma!, we will be glad to accept your God centered kindness towards us...” Oba said stressing and Emphasizing the “ God-Centered”. His intention was to let the woman know that though they were poor, they were not willing to compromise by doing anything that doesn’t glorify God...

“ Ok, let’s start with you breaking your fast at my place. I will have my maid make something for you!” Miss Johnson said with a smile.

Ola was the first to return the smile, followed by Oba, but Ope was the meticulous one. She was always very careful about trusting people. She was the deep one among the trio, she spoke few words but had deeper insight than the other two...

“ Can’t she give us the money and we sort ourselves out?” Ope whispered in Oba’s right ear...

Oba gave her a reassuring look, that they would be fine...

Oba, Ope and Ola went with Miss Johnson to her house and .....

To be continued

To follow up on this series, Follow the author on Facebook @ OPEYEMI OJERINDE AKINTUNDE-OFFICIAL Feel free to share this series, but please do not edit out the credit of the author and details. Lets be mindful of others.

DEEP THOTS NOVELS
INSPIRED BY THE HOLY ONE
Written by Opeyemi O.Akintunde
+234-8151103646

Photo credit: Internet

MY FATHER’S FARMLAND...

PART 1
“MY FATHER’S FARMLAND...”
©️Opeyemi Ojerinde Akintunde

They were three. Kikiolaoluwa, Idiopemipo and Oluwasomidoba were the three kids of Baba Jenriayegbe. The Trio were simply called Ola, Ope and Oba.

Kikiolaoluwa( Ola) means “I have God’s Wealth in abundance ”

Idiopemipo ( Ope) means “I have a lot of Reasons to Praise God”

Oluwasomidoba ( Oba) “God has made me a King”

The trio were the children of Baba Jenriayegbe, who was a poverty stricken fellow. The trio didn’t enjoy any luxury while growing up, coupled with the fact that their mother had died in their early years.

Fate decided to show how cruel life could be on one side of the world when the only person who gave them hope died.

Their father died when Ola and Ope were 16 years old, while Oba was 18. Ola and Ope were twin girls, while Oba was the eldest. Their Non Yoruba speaking friends preferred to call them  using the English interpretation of their  name. Ola was called WEALTH, Ope was called PRAISE, while Oba was called KING.

The trio’s father didn’t leave a pin for the trio and the few things that they had in their little room was sold to give him a decent burial in the family compound.

However, if Baba Jenriayegbe failed in everything, He didn’t fail in raising his children in the way and in the fear of God.

By the age of 15, the twin girls had finished the New Testament of the Bible Twice, while Oba the eldest and only boy had read it 4 times by the age of 18.

Therefore, after Baba Jenriayegbe’s death, the trio found solace in God and in a very short time, Help and Favour had sought them. This was how it went...

Immediately their father Died and had been buried, Oba ( King) called his sisters to a family meeting...

“ Wealth and Praise , I know we are still mourning father’s death, but it’s high time we moved on. Even though we don’t have an earthly father anymore, we still have our Heavenly Father who can take us places. I see this as a way for us to throw all our eggs in God’s basket. As it is, we have no one but we have God. You know the Scripture that says “Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the LORD rises upon you.”.  That Arise means we need to Get up before our shining can take place...We need to Get up and take charge of our lives... So first things first... We need to go on a three days fasting and prayer program for God to reveal His mind to us, and to hand over our lives to God for Him to be our father at this point...

“ 3 days fasting after losing our father?” Ope ( Praise)had said looking very surprised

“ Same question running through my mind” Ola (Wealth) said too...

“ This is what we must do and I can assure you, it will yield great results”

The twin girls were definitely not buying into Oba’s idea. Fasting and prayer was not close to what was on their minds, they had just lost their beloved father and starving themselves for 3 days was going to cause further depression into their  lives.....

“ How does going into spiritual exercise after losing someone make sense?” Ola ( Wealth) Wondered silently...

To be continued ...

To follow up on this series, Follow the author on Facebook @ OPEYEMI OJERINDE AKINTUNDE-OFFICIAL Feel free to share this series, but please do not edit out the credit of the author and details. Lets be mindful of others.

DEEP THOTS NOVELS
INSPIRED BY THE HOLY ONE
Written by Opeyemi O.Akintunde

Question: "Does the Bible record the death of the apostles? How did each of the apostles die?"

Question: "Does the Bible record the death of the apostles? How did each of the apostles die?"

Answer: The only apostle whose death the Bible records is James (Acts 12:2). King Herod had James “put to death with the sword,” likely a reference to beheading. The circumstances of the deaths of the other apostles are related through church tradition, so we should not put too much weight on any of the other accounts. The most commonly accepted church tradition in regard to the death of an apostle is that the apostle Peter was crucified upside-down in Rome in fulfillment of Jesus’ prophecy (John 21:18). The following are the most popular “traditions” concerning the deaths of the other apostles:

Matthew suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia, killed by a sword wound. John faced martyrdom when he was boiled in a huge basin of boiling oil during a wave of persecution in Rome. However, he was miraculously delivered from death. John was then sentenced to the mines on the prison island of Patmos. He wrote his prophetic book of Revelation on Patmos. The apostle John was later freed and returned to what is now modern-day Turkey. He died as an old man, the only apostle to die peacefully.

James, the brother of Jesus (not officially an apostle), was the leader of the church in Jerusalem. He was thrown from the southeast pinnacle of the temple (over a hundred feet down) when he refused to deny his faith in Christ. When they discovered that he survived the fall, his enemies beat James to death with a club. This is thought to be the same pinnacle where Satan had taken Jesus during the temptation.

Bartholomew, also known as Nathanael, was a missionary to Asia. He witnessed in present-day Turkey and was martyred for his preaching in Armenia, being flayed to death by a whip. Andrew was crucified on an x-shaped cross in Greece. After seven soldiers whipped Andrew severely, they tied his body to the cross with cords to prolong his agony. His followers reported that, when he was led toward the cross, Andrew saluted it in these words: “I have long desired and expected this happy hour. The cross has been consecrated by the body of Christ hanging on it.” He continued to preach to his tormentors for two days until he died. The apostle Thomas was stabbed with a spear in India during one of his missionary trips to establish the church there. Matthias, the apostle chosen to replace the traitor Judas Iscariot, was stoned and then beheaded. The apostle Paul was tortured and then beheaded by the evil Emperor Nero in Rome in AD 67. There are traditions regarding the other apostles as well, but none with any reliable historical or traditional support.

It is not so important how the apostles died. What is important is the fact that they were all willing to die for their faith. If Jesus had not been resurrected, the disciples would have known it. People will not die for something they know to be a lie. The fact that all of the apostles were willing to die horrible deaths, refusing to renounce their faith in Christ, is tremendous evidence that they had truly witnessed the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Recommended Resource: Foxe's Book of Martyrs by John Foxe